They have trained dogs to recognise tell-tale aromas using clothes from people infected with the disease.
It is hoped the animals can be used to stop malaria spreading and eventually help with eradication.
Although the research is still at an early stage, experts say the findings may even lead to new ways of testing for the disease.
Now dogs are on the scent, too.
Smelly socks
Socks worn overnight by children in the Upper River Region of The Gambia, in West Africa, were packaged and shipped to the UK.
Of the 175 pairs sent, 30 had been worn by children infected with the parasite.
The supremely talented noses there are already being trained to sniff out cancer and even the early stages of Parkinson’s disease.
When it came to spotting malaria, the results, presented at the annual conference of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, showed dogs could pick out seven in 10 samples from infected children.
Image copyrightLSHTM
Lead researcher Prof Steve Lindsay, from Durham University, said he was “really excited” by the findings so far, but that dogs were not yet ready to be used more routinely.
The researchers still need to improve the dog’s accuracy and test them on people rather than socks, as well as investigate whether the animals can sniff out different species of malaria.
The aim is to one day use specially trained dogs at airports to curb the spread of the disease and to find symptomless carriers to help eradication efforts.
Faster than science
Dr Chelci Squires, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told the BBC: “Dogs are actually nature’s super-smellers so it is a great gift to have them.
“They are much faster than existing rapid diagnostic tests which can take up to 20 minutes and require a fully trained professional to do.”
New tools to detect, treat and prevent malaria are needed as progress is stalling.
According to the last global report on the disease, cases had increased by five million to a new total of 216 million cases a year.
The research was a collaboration between The National Malaria Control Programme in The Gambia; the Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia; Medical Detection Dogs; Durham University; the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and the University of Dundee.